A protocol for ecosystem management. J.A. Stanford and G.C. Poole. Ecological Applications 6: 741-744. 1996.
We examine the three themes that we think underpin the concept of ecosystem management. We then offer a general protocol that links science and public process to multiple resource management objectives in an ecosystem context. Our model is based upon: (1) our belief that shared environmental and social goals, relevant science, and an informed public are requisite for sustaining regional ecosystem processes that provide essential environmental goods and services (e.g., food, fiber, clean water, and air), (2) our belief that the management process must be iterative in order to allow the integration of new knowledge and changing societal goals, and (3) our experience in providing ecosystem science as underpinning for management actions that attempt to sustain the pristine attributes of the Flathead Lake catchment, a 22,241 square km montane ecosystem in northwestern Montana, USA, and southeastern British Columbia, Canada.
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